When naming your project file, it's important to follow Ubuntu's naming conventions to ensure compatibility and avoid potential issues. Here are the key guidelines:

• Avoid spaces and backslashes: Project file names should not contain spaces or backslashes, as these characters can cause issues in Ubuntu’s file system.

• Allowed characters: You can use uppercase and lowercase letters (A-Z, a-z), numbers (0-9), and underscores (_).

• Special characters: It is advisable to avoid using special characters other than underscores in your file names. This helps maintain clarity and reduces the likelihood of errors.

By following these naming rules, you can ensure your project files are easy to manage.

By default, the size of the substrate is determined by the provided input for spot size and track length. If the default substrate size is not sufficient for your needs, you can increase the dimensions as follows:

• Substrate Height: Under the Process tab, go to the Initial Chamber Conditions section. Here, you will find an option for the Initial Substrate Height in meters. You can change this value to adjust the substrate height.

• Substrate Width: To increase the substrate width, within the same Initial Chamber Conditions section, you'll find the Substrate Clearance at the Boundary option. The value entered here will be added to the default width, with the final width being the default width plus twice this clearance.

Please be mindful that increasing the domain size will also increase the computational time. Therefore, only adjust these values when necessary to ensure efficiency.

The influencing parameters for better powder spreading are spreader clearance and spreader velocity.

Open the AM PravaH GUI and go to the “Macroscale” section. Under the “Settings” menu, click on the “Material” tab. Then, either select an existing material from the “Default Alloy” dropdown menu or choose the “Create New Alloy” option to define a custom material. Customize the thermo-physical properties for the alloy across the “Solid”, “Molten”, “Metal Vapour”, and “Gas” states. After entering the properties, click on “Save Alloy” within the same window, provide a new name for the alloy, and save it.

The mesh size is influenced by the balance between accuracy and performance and can be adjusted under the Simulation tab.

• Accuracy: Increasing the accuracy slider will decrease the mesh size, providing more detailed results, but it may also increase computational time.

• Performance: Increasing the performance slider will increase the mesh size, improving computational efficiency, but potentially reducing the accuracy.

It’s essential to adjust the mesh size to balance accuracy and efficiency. Very small mesh sizes may consume more computational time, so it's advisable to choose a value that meets your needs without excessively increasing processing time.

Accuracy (%) - Mesh Size (µm)       Accuracy (%) - Mesh Size (µm)

20                           11.5                          50 4.5
25                            9                              60 3.75
30                            7.5 70                            3.25                          
35                            6.5 80 2.75
40 5.5  90                            2.5
45 5 100                          2.25

Open Paraview by clicking on the “Show Results” tab from the AM PravaH GUI. By default, the state file will load, and a default selection for the “Probe location” option is provided in the pipeline browser. Click on the eye icon next to the “Probe location” option to visualise the probe. 

To change the probe location, scroll down under the properties section after selecting the probe location, and you can define the x, y, and z co-ordinates for the desired location, and the radius of the probe can also be changed by editing the values next to the radius option.

Alternately, the users can also drag the probe using their mouse and place it on the desired location.

To add additional probe locations, click on the probe location option from the menu bar. This will then be added to the pipeline browser, and the user can follow the previous steps to define its location and radius.

Open Paraview by clicking on the “Show Results” tab from the AM PravaH GUI. By default, the state file will load, and a default selection for the “Plot selection over Time” option is provided in the pipeline browser. Choose Line chart view and click on the eye icon next to the “Plot selection over Time” option to visualise the plot. 

The user can choose the desired variable to be plotted, i.e., avg(T) stats from the series parameter column in the properties section. The temperature variation over time at the chosen probe location will then be plotted.

Under the properties section, scroll down to find the sections ‘Title’, ‘Annotation’, ‘Left Axis’ & ‘Right Axis’. The users can update the chart title, axes title and use custom range for both the axes. 

Open Paraview by clicking on the “Show Results” tab from the AM PravaH GUI. By default, the state file will load, and by default, the “macroscale.foam” file ‘Reconstructed Case’ is already available in the pipeline browser. Clip the scalar ‘build region’ on the reconstructed macroscale. foam file to obtain the build part (also provided by default).

 Click on the eye icon next to the build to visualise it, and the user can choose to plot ‘density’ or other available scalars from the drop-down menu. 

Open Paraview to visualise the build region. Select the ‘build’ option from the pipeline browser and select the ‘Filters’ option from the menu bar. Search for ‘Extract Surface’ from the filters and click Enter. Further, to visualise the 2D view of the surface, click on the surface and apply a slice. This will provide you with a 2D surface of the build at the specified slice location.