Transformers are an essential part of a data center's power distribution system. Computational Fluid Dynamics in conjunction with conjugate heat transfer can be employed to accurately simulate and analyze thermal load distributions inside a transformer room. Ventilation systems shall be provided to dispose of heat from transformer total losses without creating a temperature rise that exceeds the transformer rating. Our CFD modeling approach incorporates key physical phenomena, including turbulence, buoyancy effects, and conjugate heat transfer. This enables a comprehensive understanding of the thermal management process and provides valuable insights for optimizing cooling efficiency and temperature control within the transformer room. Variations in Ambient temperatures and fan failure scenarios are explored in detail in this project to keep the temperatures well below the required levels. 

Volumetric spatial distribution of velocity vectors at steady state

Horizontal slices of spatial temperature distribution at equidistant locations at steady state along with velocity vectors.

In the oil and gas industry, the efficiency and safety of tank infill systems are crucial for effective fuel management and environmental protection. Anti-siphon systems play a vital role in regulating fuel flow and preventing backflow, yet the impact of varying jet inflow rates on these systems remains inadequately understood. Fluctuations in inflow can lead to pressure imbalances, increasing the risk of cavitation and system failures, which could have catastrophic consequences. 

Several key challenges emerge in analyzing flow behavior within tank infill systems. First, maintaining consistent flow rates is essential to prevent overfilling or underfilling of tanks. Additionally, achieving stable pressure is critical to avoid cavitation and surging, which can potentially damage equipment. A well-designed flute system is necessary to minimize turbulence and ensure smooth flow. The system must also be scalable to accommodate various tank sizes without compromising performance. Furthermore, effective integration with existing control systems is vital for real-time adjustments that optimize operation.

Lastly, adherence to industry regulations is imperative for ensuring safety and environmental protection. Addressing these challenges is essential for enhancing the overall reliability and safety of tank infill systems. 

The goal of this industrial project is to minimize the turbulence and minimize the pressure drop.

Here we have modeled the tank infill system (Anti-siphon systems) with a major focus on the following:

• Flow distribution design optimization

• Pressure drop across the anti-siphon system

• Velocity streamlines visualization for turbulence and streamlines efficiency

• Velocity vector plot of anti-siphon domain

HVAC modeling is one of our key areas of expertise. Thanks to our recent projects !!!

We performed HVAC modeling of electrical rooms of the World's largest social media company. We helped them understand 

1. Which cooling units should be used?

2. What should the cooling units be placed in the room?

3. Multiple scenarios of peak load operation and unit failures.

Our CFD solutions to this problem involved physics such as turbulence, buoyancy effect, and detailed conjugate heat transfer.

Surface temperature profiles

This project focuses on external HVAC and environmental modeling of large-scale data farms. These areas are about  0.5×0.33×02 Km3.

Dry coolers are used to extract the heat from the hot fluids coming from the data centers. They exchange heat and make them reusable for data center cooling and recycle the liquid. This huge amount of extracted heat is disposed of in the environment. Thus minimizing the heat island effect on the surrounding areas is of utmost importance. The effect of wind speed and direction becomes rather important in carrying away this plume of heat. Paanduv not only successfully delivered the project with complete sincerity but also helped them use this CFD data through an AI agent for better decision-making in the future, known as DC Pracar.

Data Farm modeling 

Heat evolution from dry coolers

Water is a valuable asset, therefore, monitoring how much water is consumed has become the need of the hour. This computational modeling project is done for a real-time implementation of a flow meter in a water line to monitor the water footprint. The use of a flow conditioner in a water line is used to reduce the turbulence in the line thus achieving the fully developed flow sooner.

A transient flow CFD analysis of water is done in a single-diameter pipe around the proposed flow meter for optimizing the design of flow conditioners and the length between a flow conditioner and the flow meter.

The goal of this industrial project is to minimize the turbulence, minimizing the partial flow and minimizing the pressure drop. 

With more stringent environmental concerns and governmental policies, a shift to clean energy generation is widely emphasized. Photocatalytic water splitting is a strategy that is used as an alternative that utilizes renewable energy sources i.e. solar energy for water splitting reaction to generate H2. 

In this case, we have modeled a known chemical reaction kinetics for a novel photocatalyst with a multiphase reaction system and validated it with the analytical solution. We demonstrated the generation of gases during the reaction and its evolution into air. 

H2O (l) ----> H2 (g) + 0.5 O2 (g) 

The first case is a laminar flow system, the second is turbulent and in the third case, an arbitrary random movement is provided so as to enhance the randomness in the system. 

The simplistic approach for transport of gas in different media is modeled to mimic the human gut system. The computational domain for assessing the transport of O2 in liquid and air and how the diffusion occurs due to the difference in solubility of O2 in different media. The partial pressure of O2 in both the media is evaluated. The transport is driven through advection in water and through diffusion in air medium. The qualitative assessment mass fraction trend at different location of the microchannel is compared with the literature for validation. 

Study of biofilms are of great importance to human health and welfare, including their potential negative effects on public health (such as increased pathogen resistance to antibiotics) and economics (such as pipeline corrosion and increased friction). Biofilms are also highly beneficial in many engineered systems, such as bioreactors for industrial processes and wastewater treatment. The effects of surface properties on microbial adhesion and biofilm development are therefore of great interest in a variety of environments, and the goals of surface selection/design can be to reduce or enhance biofilm growth and microbial activity. 

Tawa bridge railway line doubling, connects East India to West India. Abutment soil stability analysis during peak flows was done using Paanduv’s customized sediment modeling solver. 

For this study, railways standard codes based soil slope stability analysis is performed. Also, advanced 3D sediment scour analysis is performed for further clarity during peak river flow.